太陽能光伏發電系統是運用電池組件將太陽能直接轉變為電能的設備系統。在光照條件下，太陽電池組件產生必定的電動勢，經過組件的串并聯構成太陽能電池方陣，使得方陣電壓到達系統輸入電壓的要求。

　　經(jing)過充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)，將(jiang)由(you)光能(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)而來的電(dian)(dian)能(neng)儲(chu)存起來。晚上，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池組為逆變器(qi)提供輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)，經(jing)過逆變器(qi)的作用，將(jiang)直流電(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)化(hua)成交流電(dian)(dian)，輸送到配電(dian)(dian)柜(ju)(ju)，由(you)配電(dian)(dian)柜(ju)(ju)的切換作用進(jin)行(xing)供電(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池組的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)狀況(kuang)由(you)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)進(jin)行(xing)控(kong)制(zhi)，保(bao)證蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的正常運(yun)用。光伏電(dian)(dian)站系統還(huan)應(ying)有限(xian)荷(he)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)防雷設備(bei)(bei)(bei)，以(yi)保(bao)護(hu)系統設備(bei)(bei)(bei)的過負載運(yun)轉(zhuan)及(ji)免遭雷擊，保(bao)護(hu)系統設備(bei)(bei)(bei)的安全運(yun)用。太陽能(neng)→電(dian)(dian)能(neng)→化(hua)學能(neng)→電(dian)(dian)能(neng)→光能(neng)。

　　太(tai)陽能電(dian)池(chi)與蓄電(dian)池(chi)組成系統(tong)的(de)電(dian)源單元，因(yin)此蓄電(dian)池(chi)功用直接影(ying)響(xiang)著系統(tong)作(zuo)業特性。

　　(1)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池單元(yuan):因(yin)為技能(neng)和(he)(he)(he)材料(liao)原因(yin)，單一電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是(shi)十分有(you)限的(de)(de)(de)，實(shi)用中的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池是(shi)單一電(dian)(dian)(dian)池經串、并聯組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池系統，稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組件(陣列(lie))。單一電(dian)(dian)(dian)池是(shi)一只(zhi)硅晶體二極管，依據半導(dao)體材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)學(xue)特性(xing)，當太(tai)陽(yang)光照射到由(you)P型和(he)(he)(he)N型兩種不(bu)同導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)類型的(de)(de)(de)同質半導(dao)體材料(liao)構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)P-N結上時，在(zai)必定的(de)(de)(de)條件下，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)輻射被半導(dao)體材料(liao)吸收(shou)，在(zai)導(dao)帶(dai)和(he)(he)(he)價帶(dai)中產生(sheng)非平(ping)衡載(zai)(zai)流(liu)子(zi)即電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)和(he)(he)(he)空穴。同于P-N結勢壘區存在(zai)著較強的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)建靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)場，因(yin)此能(neng)在(zai)光照下構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)密度J，短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)Isc，開(kai)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓Uoc。 若在(zai)內(nei)建電(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)兩旁邊面引出電(dian)(dian)(dian)極并接(jie)上負載(zai)(zai)，理論上講由(you)P-N結、連接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和(he)(he)(he)負載(zai)(zai)構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)回路(lu)，所(suo)以就有(you)"光生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)"流(liu)過，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組件就實(shi)現(xian)了(le)對(dui)負載(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)功率P輸出。

　　(2)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)儲存(cun)單元:太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)產生的(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)先進入蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)儲存(cun)，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)特(te)性影(ying)響(xiang)著系統(tong)的(de)(de)作業(ye)效(xiao)率和特(te)性。蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)技能(neng)(neng)是十分老練的(de)(de)，但其容量(liang)要遭到(dao)結尾需電(dian)(dian)量(liang)，日(ri)照時間(發電(dian)(dian)時間)的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。因此蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)瓦時容量(liang)和安時容量(liang)由預訂的(de)(de)接連無(wu)日(ri)照時間抉(jue)擇。