根據太陽能路燈的控制需求，對太陽能路燈控制器從硬件結構及軟件開發方面進行了規劃，該控制用具有抗干擾能力強、便于控制特征：LED太陽能路燈;控制器太陽能作為一種新興的綠色動力，以其永不干涸、無污染等優點，正得到靈敏的推廣應用。LED具有體積小而堅固耐用，耗電量低、運用奉命長、環保、光色性能好等特征，有資料閃現，每年用于照明的電力在3000億度以上，若選用LED照明，每年就可以節省1/3的照明用電，基本上相當于總投資規劃超過2000億元的三峽工程的全年發電量。由于太陽能電池板輸出的是直流電能，而LED也是直流驅動光源，兩者的結合更能前進整個系統的功率，降低市政成本，所以太陽能路燈越來越受到人們的注重。

　　太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)路(lu)燈(deng)/a系統(tong)結(jie)構LED太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)路(lu)燈(deng)系統(tong)如所示(shi)，可以(yi)看出其(qi)由太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、路(lu)燈(deng)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)/a、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)、市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)LED路(lu)燈(deng)五部分組成，其(qi)間太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)用(yong)(yong)于把太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)光能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉互電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，即白日(ri)(ri)時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)給(gei)(gei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而且可以(yi)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)兩(liang)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小判別亮(liang)光程度。也便是(shi)(shi)從太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)小來判別天亮(liang)和(he)(he)天亮(liang)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)(shi)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)貯藏動力(li)設備，白日(ri)(ri)時(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)給(gei)(gei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，晚上或陰雨天系統(tong)和(he)(he)負載用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)由蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)來提供(gong)(gong)。市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)友(you)PR能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)牝Pn路(lu)士(shi)蘺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)LED太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)路(lu)燈(deng)系統(tong)3路(lu)燈(deng)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)硬(ying)件規劃(hua)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)路(lu)燈(deng)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)路(lu)燈(deng)系統(tong)中最為重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)部件，其(qi)功(gong)用(yong)(yong)規劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)好(hao)(hao)壞抉(jue)擇了一個(ge)(ge)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)路(lu)燈(deng)系統(tong)運行情(qing)況的(de)(de)(de)好(hao)(hao)壞。路(lu)燈(deng)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)需(xu)求(qiu)結(jie)束(shu)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)用(yong)(yong)有(you)：根(gen)據(ju)(ju)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)亮(liang)度，白日(ri)(ri)斷開LED路(lu)燈(deng)而給(gei)(gei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，晚上通過蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)給(gei)(gei)路(lu)燈(deng)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)分時(shi)(shi)(shi)段(duan)進(jin)行功(gong)率調(diao)整(zheng)，在(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)缺少時(shi)(shi)(shi)，自(zi)動切(qie)換到(dao)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong);防止蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)過充(chong)和(he)(he)過放(fang)(fang)，具有(you)短路(lu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)反接保(bao)護(hu)(hu)功(gong)用(yong)(yong)等。根(gen)據(ju)(ju)需(xu)求(qiu)結(jie)束(shu)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)用(yong)(yong)，選(xuan)擇STM8單片機(ji)對(dui)LED太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)路(lu)燈(deng)系統(tong)進(jin)行控(kong)制(zhi)。單片機(ji)首要(yao)結(jie)束(shu)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)用(yong)(yong)包含檢測(ce)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)兩(liang)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)并根(gen)據(ju)(ju)不同情(qing)況選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)不同的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式;判別白日(ri)(ri)黑(hei)夜并以(yi)此來切(qie)換蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式以(yi)及切(qie)換到(dao)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)。路(lu)燈(deng)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)中包含的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)模塊(kuai)比較多，如電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)模塊(kuai)、復位(wei)模塊(kuai)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)鐘(zhong)模塊(kuai)等等，而對(dui)整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)至整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)路(lu)燈(deng)系統(tong)比較重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)檢測(ce)模塊(kuai)及蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模塊(kuai)及切(qie)換模塊(kuai)。

　　蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)由控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器的(de)(de)結束功(gong)用知，白日(ri)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)給(gei)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，晚上或陰天用于LED路(lu)(lu)燈照(zhao)明，結束綠色環(huan)保(bao)節能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)，所以蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)在太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)路(lu)(lu)燈控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)具有重要的(de)(de)效果,選用斬波(bo)式PWM充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原理，單片機(ji)首(shou)要檢測蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，并與軟件(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)設定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓相(xiang)比較，然后選擇不同的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法。具體的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)如所示，其間(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)1、3分別為(wei)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)正極(ji)(ji)(ji)，單片機(ji)的(de)(de)口通(tong)過R20、R21及R18、R19分別對(dui)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓進行采樣(yang)，通(tong)過AD轉換判(pan)別，在滿足充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或中(zhong)(zhong)止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條件(jian)下，單片機(ji)P0.3口給(gei)出(chu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)信號，使三極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)S導通(tong)或截止(zhi)，即可結束蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，具體可見程序規(gui)劃部分。其間(jian)圖中(zhong)(zhong)D6為(wei)防反(fan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)肖特(te)基二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)，防止(zhi)當蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高于太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)向太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)反(fan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。D7是(shi)一個保(bao)護二(er)(er)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)，當蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)反(fan)接(jie)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)斷(duan)開，保(bao)護蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，前(qian)進系(xi)統的(de)(de)可靠性。

　　為(wei)了(le)在夜間(jian)不同時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻選用不同的亮(liang)度，以到(dao)達節(jie)省電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的目的，本(ben)系統規劃了(le)兩路(lu)(lu)(lu)負載(zai)輸出，晚上12點從前兩盞LED皆亮(liang)，12點后一盞點亮(liang)，每路(lu)(lu)(lu)輸出均有立的控制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)檢測。規劃選用了(le)PWM功率控制(zhi)(zhi)功用對LED燈具(ju)結束(shu)無級調光。單路(lu)(lu)(lu)原理如所示。其(qi)間(jian)單片機P0.6口(kou)給(gei)出控制(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)號，即P0.6=1時(shi)(shi)(shi)，三極管導通，繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器閉(bi)合(he)，MOS管導通，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池向路(lu)(lu)(lu)燈供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)缺(que)少(shao)或白(bai)日(ri)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，控制(zhi)(zhi)端輸出低電(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)信(xin)號，堵截(jie)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)回路(lu)(lu)(lu)。夜晚蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)缺(que)少(shao)情(qing)況下(xia)由市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統給(gei)LED路(lu)(lu)(lu)燈供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，確(que)保系統的完好(hao)和(he)可靠。

　　控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器能自動檢(jian)測(ce)其時的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)，首(shou)要(yao)根(gen)據(ju)太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)兩(liang)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓檢(jian)測(ce)其時情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)是(shi)白日仍是(shi)黑(hei)夜，然后選擇(ze)是(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式或者放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模根(gen)據(ju)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)兩(liang)兩(liang)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓選擇(ze)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，如當(dang)(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高于保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(15V)時，自動關(guan)斷對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，此后當(dang)(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓掉至(zhi)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(13.2V)時，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)進(jin)入浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)，當(dang)(dang)低于保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(13.2V)后浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)關(guan)閉(bi)，進(jin)入均充(chong)(chong)(chong)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。在(zai)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，首(shou)要(yao)確保(bao)在(zai)晚上12點前注冊(ce)兩(liang)路負載，12點后注冊(ce)一路負載，而(er)(er)且(qie)當(dang)(dang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低于保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(11V)時，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器自動切換(huan)到市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統或關(guan)閉(bi)負載開(kai)關(guan)以保(bao)護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)受損(sun)壞。因而(er)(er)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)處理和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)處理是(shi)系統軟件(jian)規劃中的(de)(de)(de)首(shou)要(yao)內容(rong)。太(tai)陽(yang)能作為取之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)盡、用之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)竭的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)潔動力，必將得(de)到人們越(yue)來越(yue)多的(de)(de)(de)重視和運用，高效環保(bao)的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能LED路燈(deng)(deng)(deng)也(ye)將成為更多市(shi)政(zheng)改(gai)擴(kuo)建工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)。根(gen)據(ju)太(tai)陽(yang)能路燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)需(xu)求，對太(tai)陽(yang)能路燈(deng)(deng)(deng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器從硬件(jian)結(jie)構及(ji)軟件(jian)開(kai)發方面進(jin)行了規劃，該(gai)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)用具有(you)抗干擾能力強、便于控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)特征。