太陽能高桿燈燈桿由以下幾個部分組成：太陽能電池板、太陽能控制器、蓄電池組、光源、燈桿及燈具外殼，有的還要配置逆變器。

　　1、光源

　　太陽(yang)(yang)能高(gao)桿燈(deng)(deng)采(cai)用(yong)何(he)種光源(yuan)是(shi)太陽(yang)(yang)能燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)是(shi)否能正(zheng)常使用(yong)的重要指標，一般太陽(yang)(yang)能燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)采(cai)用(yong)低壓(ya)節能燈(deng)(deng)、低壓(ya)鈉(na)燈(deng)(deng)、無(wu)極燈(deng)(deng)、LED光源(yuan)。

　　LED燈(deng)光源，壽命長，可達1000000小(xiao)時，工(gong)作電(dian)壓低，不需(xu)要逆變(bian)器，光效較高，國(guo)產50Lm/w，進(jin)口80Lm/w。隨著技術進(jin)步，LED的(de)(de)性能將(jiang)進(jin)一(yi)步提(ti)高。筆者認為LED作為太(tai)陽能路燈(deng)的(de)(de)光源將(jiang)是一(yi)種趨(qu)勢。

　　目前多數(shu)草坪(ping)燈選用(yong)LED作(zuo)為(wei)光(guang)源，主要(yao)利用(yong)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源來進行(xing)工(gong)作(zuo)。當白天(tian)太(tai)陽光(guang)照射在(zai)(zai)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池上，把光(guang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉變成電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)存貯在(zai)(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池中，再由蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)晚間為(wei)草坪(ping)燈的(de)(de)LED(發光(guang)二極體)提供電(dian)(dian)源。LED節能(neng)(neng)(neng)、安全、壽命長，工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)壓低，非常適合應用(yong)在(zai)(zai)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)草坪(ping)燈上。特(te)別(bie)是LED技術已(yi)經經歷(li)了其(qi)(qi)關鍵的(de)(de)突破，并(bing)且其(qi)(qi)特(te)性(xing)在(zai)(zai)過去5年(nian)中有很大提高，其(qi)(qi)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)價格比也有較大的(de)(de)提高。

　　2、燈桿及燈具外殼

　　燈(deng)(deng)桿的高(gao)度應根(gen)(gen)據(ju)道路的寬度、燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)的間距(ju)，道路的照度標準(zhun)確定。燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)外(wai)殼根(gen)(gen)據(ju)我們(men)收(shou)集了許多(duo)國外(wai)太陽燈(deng)(deng)資料，在美觀(guan)和節能之間，大多(duo)數都選擇節能，燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)外(wai)觀(guan)要求不高(gao)，相對實用就(jiu)行。

　　3、太陽能(neng)電池(chi)板

　　太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板是(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)路燈中的(de)(de)(de)核心部分，也(ye)是(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)路燈中價值最高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)部分。其(qi)作用是(shi)將(jiang)太(tai)陽(yang)的(de)(de)(de)輻射能(neng)力轉換(huan)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，或送(song)至(zhi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中存(cun)儲起來。太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)主要使用單(dan)(dan)晶硅為材(cai)料。用單(dan)(dan)晶硅做成類(lei)似二(er)極管(guan)中的(de)(de)(de)P-N結(jie)。工作原(yuan)理和(he)(he)(he)二(er)極管(guan)類(lei)似。只(zhi)不過在二(er)極管(guan)中，推動P-N結(jie)空穴和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子運動的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)外部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場，而在太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中推動和(he)(he)(he)影響P-N結(jie)空穴和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子運動的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)太(tai)陽(yang)光子和(he)(he)(he)光輻射熱。也(ye)就是(shi)通常所說的(de)(de)(de)光生(sheng)伏(fu)(fu)特效(xiao)(xiao)應原(yuan)理。目(mu)前(qian)(qian)光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)率，大(da)約是(shi)光伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)效(xiao)(xiao)率大(da)約是(shi)單(dan)(dan)晶硅13%-15%，多晶硅11%-13%。目(mu)前(qian)(qian)最新的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術還包括(kuo)光伏(fu)(fu)薄(bo)膜(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

　　4、太陽能控制器

　　太陽(yang)能燈具系統(tong)中(zhong)最重要的一環是控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)，其性(xing)能直(zhi)接影響到(dao)(dao)系統(tong)壽命(ming)，特別是蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的壽命(ming)。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)用工(gong)業級MCU做主(zhu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)，通過對(dui)環境溫度的測量，對(dui)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)和太陽(yang)能電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組件電(dian)壓、電(dian)流等參數的檢(jian)測判斷，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)MOSFET器(qi)件的開通和關斷，達到(dao)(dao)各種控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和保(bao)護功能。皇(huang)明智能型太陽(yang)能燈具控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)能為蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)提供全面保(bao)護，使蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)更(geng)能可靠地長久工(gong)作。

　　5、蓄電池

　　由于太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)輸入能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)極不穩定，所以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)需要(yao)配置蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)系(xi)統(tong)才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)工(gong)作(zuo)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)有鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、Ni-Cd蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、Ni-H蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)選擇一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)要(yao)遵循(xun)以(yi)(yi)下原(yuan)則：首先在能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足(zu)夜晚照明(ming)的(de)前提下，把白天(tian)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組件(jian)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)盡量(liang)存(cun)儲下來，同時(shi)還(huan)要(yao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠存(cun)儲滿足(zu)連續(xu)陰雨天(tian)夜晚照明(ming)需要(yao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)過小不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)夠滿足(zu)夜晚照明(ming)的(de)需要(yao)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過大(da)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方面蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)始終(zhong)處在虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態，影響蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命，同時(shi)造成(cheng)浪費。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)應與太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷(路燈)相匹配。可用一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種簡單方法確(que)定它們(men)之間的(de)關系(xi)。太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)功率必(bi)須(xu)比負載(zai)功率高出(chu)4倍以(yi)(yi)上，系(xi)統(tong)才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)作(zuo)。太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)要(yao)超過蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)20~30%，才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)保(bao)證給蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)正(zheng)常(chang)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)必(bi)須(xu)比負載(zai)日耗量(liang)高6倍以(yi)(yi)上為宜。